reachrkata
@reachrkata-FOcqhH Member
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The Story of Nikola Tesla
Its perhaps true. There is a passing reference to this rivalry in the movie "The Prestige" if anyone has seen it. - Karthik
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which Port identifies battery charger?
There is usually a battery management IC which does this. It senses the presence/absence of power and starts charging accordingly.
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Whaat will happen if ...
What you have to realise here is that KVL should not be applied along with Superposition. These are two separate tools of analysis never to be...
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Series and parallel circuits
There are 2 ways to understand this - 1) Consider the voltage equation of a cap V = 1/C * (integral) i.dt. if there are 2...
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Whaat will happen if ...
Exactly. But what you need to understand is that, the superposition theorem is just a mathematical method of simplifying analysis of circuits with multiple sources. It...
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Why source generated signal frequencies are converted into carrier frequencies...?
Re: Why source generated signal frequencies are converted into carrier frequencies... Perhaps this thread help !! #-Link-Snipped-#
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Building Load Shedding
Hello LEon, You are correct in starting out with a list like you mentioned. Further to that, I have a few suggestions - 1) Try to...
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Whaat will happen if ...
A current of 1A will flow through the resistor. The voltage drop across the 2 Ohm resistor balances the 2V voltage source and therefore no current...
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phase difference
Assuming sinusoidal signals, it is neither 0 nor 45, but in fact at 30 degrees !!! -Karthik
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Meaning of 'Class' in MicroSD Cards
Nah nothing like that. I have been checking all the posts in the forum and replying to some also. Perhaps I don't reply often, but thats...
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Meaning of 'Class' in MicroSD Cards
Hey K, Its almost like how you said, but its just that the speed will be a minimum of XMBps. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Digital#Speeds" target="_blank" rel="...
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Measuring an electric field
skipperWell, if you adjust the volume for a number of different broadcast signals, using a battery-powered radio, so that in each case they output the same...
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Poor 2G/3G quality inside a moving elevator
Thats because, usually, lifts/elevators are closed metal boxes, which are very good shields for RF signals. However, there are solutions available to overcome this problem too...
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dual power supply in Differsntial amplifier..
I dont see any particular difference except that in a single supply scenario, both the inputs need to be biased with 1/2 the supply voltage, what...
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What is the Relationship Between Frequency and Power?
qaisarpk1its fine mohit ..... as u said that the lower frequncy travel more distance then why we modulate low freq signal on higher frequencies .... kindly...
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Why are UPS so heavy?
Another important item that makes the UPS heavy is a step down transformer. There are transformer-less UPSs also available. However all the simple ones usually have....
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Power Loss
No. Since the current will flow from the 5V supply into the 3V supply, it will always gain power. It is like charging a battery. -...
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Circuit capacitance
One way is to give a step input to the circuit and calculate the output based on the rise time at the output. Perhaps you can...
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how to reduce certain value of a DC voltage bot not the other values?
Adding an inductor should slow down the voltage rise. -Karthik
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why voltage across current source can't be measured?
Yes for analysis, it can be assumed ideal. For current sources, the ideal scenario is that its internal shunt resistance is infinite. Thats all. The source...
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why voltage across current source can't be measured?
shreyasm89.. Remember there is no difference in the values of currents at the i/p and o/p of a current source. this implies that there is no...
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why voltage across current source can't be measured?
Before I tell you what I want to tell, let me first confirm that, yes, we can measure the current through a voltage source. Just connect...
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how television sets on same channel after restart?
Usually such settings (like the las channel visited, last volume level) is stored in EEPROM before switch-off. On switching on, it does so as per the...
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I need help with memory desiging.
Since you have 2 memory devices of 512K each, they require 19 address lines. Use the 20th address line as a select (or enable) for the...
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negative potential
If you recall your engineering, Potential at a point is defined as the work done to move a charge from infinity to the point. Since infinity...
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FM Transmission
@Ashish - You understood me wrong. 2 stations can be transmitting at the same signal level. But if one of the stations is in Bangalore and...
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FM Transmission
Its just because of the distance between the two sources. Just like there are norms governing bandwidth, deviation, etc, there are also those governing maximum transmission...
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Fully charged capacitor short circuited?
No it will rise, but not instantaneously. It will rise exponentially. -Karthik
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Fully charged capacitor short circuited?
In fact the capacitors never charges again. All the electrons in the -ve terminal flow instantaneously to neutralise the positively charged terminal. The Energy is lost...
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Op Amp Question
Use superposition theorem to get the output of the non inverting amplifier for the 2 inputs separately. Add the results and you have the answer. -...
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what are the capacitances of MOSFET?
The most important is the Gate - source capacitance. This decides how fast the MOSFET can switch. -Karthik 😁
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What are implications for change over from 50 hz to 60 hz system?
If you are using devices that usually work on DC - Like your laptop, TV, stereo system would not be affected that much i think, since...
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input from keypad and microcontroller
No sweat Ash !! i too learnt it only in my company !!! -Karthik 😁
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input from keypad and microcontroller
Perhaps this clarifies everything - -Karthik 😁
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input from keypad and microcontroller
Sure can. You can do it with a single ADC port. Connect the ADC port to the supply via a 47k pull-up (say). Next, connect different...
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charging of batteries
Nope, Batteries in series retain the Ah rating, and batteries in parallel retain the voltage rating. - Karthik 😁
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op amp
Usually there is no need to change anything if you are using an 8 Ohm speaker because for the same power output the current required will...
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i need a 7 segment display up down counter
My 2 paise - Take the standard available up/down converter ICs. Then use a binary to 7 seg decoder for interfacing with the segment LED. -Karthik...
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charging of batteries
It is dangerous to connect the power supply directly to your battery. The current may be so high that the battery may overheat and get destroyed....
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zener diode
The principle is called zener breakdown. Due to the way the diode is doped, when a reverse voltage is applied, the depletion region widens and creates...
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common emitter bjt
The secret lies in the very small thickness and very light doping of the base. With the base voltage, there are so many electrons in the...
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How to convert change in capacitance into a digital signal
I think so yes !😕 -Karthik
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How to convert change in capacitance into a digital signal
adi21288@karthik dude i dint understand your concept, i mean u r feeding a dc voltage to a low pass filter (high voltage frm the mu p...
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How to convert change in capacitance into a digital signal
I got this nice idea from a colleague of mine, so quoting him here. Use the capacitor as part of an RC Low pass filter circuit....
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stupid basic dilemma
I think then it would act like a Tank circuit which can be used as an oscillator. -Karthik
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rotation of fans
Its perhaps just the direction of inclination of the blades. - Karthik
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stupid basic dilemma
Aha !! Nothing is lost my friend !!! Initial energy = 0.5*C1*V1^2 + 0.5*C2*V2^2 = 0.5*1*1^2 + 0 = 1 J0.5*1*1^2 = 0.5 and not 1...
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a fundamental question on basic electricity flow
Hmm. I think you would not see any appreciable difference. The speed of electron flow is so fast compared to the speed of water flow that...
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Answer this question
Zero (assuming ideal caps)!!! Anything you do with only capacitors on DC sources makes no difference. -Karthik 😁
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mobile phone charger
Agree to that. Perhaps a part of the loss is due to loading itself. Sometimes, certain switching supplies tend to go into instability when not loaded...
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Measuring RF signals on oscilloscope
Hmm. Since the scope is a 50MHz one, and your carrier is only 10MHz, i think you can measure it. Just probe the RF input at...
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RESISTOR VALUES which is connected to an AC power
No need of a resistor. If your bulb is rated for 230V AC, then just ut the bulb to the supply and you will get the...
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Transistor circuit maximum voltage swing
Great !! Then the maximum voltage swing is 9.9 - 3.3 = 6.6V. This behaviour can also be simulated in Multisim. To your circuit, just give...
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Transistor circuit maximum voltage swing
Ok here goes. I presume that you are requesting the output voltage swing calculation for the normal CE amplifier ckt with Rb = base resistor, Rc...
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Engineering Project Help - LDR security buzzer circuit
Perhaps this thread will help you with a simple password entry keyboard - #-Link-Snipped-# - Karthik 😁
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Need help to fix type of sensors in collision free car
Infrared sensors are commonly used for this. -Karthik
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Electronic switch
Repeated on-off is just one of the scenarios. Another typical application would be to switch off/on something based on a special condition (like temperature) which a...
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Electronic switch
Simplest and straightforward answer - An electronic switch eliminates Human intervention i.e you can write a program to turn on and off an electronic switch, but...
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A battery question
300mA should be OK. In fact I feel it is an overkill, but nevertheless its fine. In any case there is no danger of any damage....
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Digital step-KM counter
Hmm !!! It is a bit tedious to explain this circuit, because there is a reason for each and every value of R & C used....
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A battery question
Doesn't matter !! There is no relationship between the mAh rating of the battery vs the current rating of the adapter. The mAh rating of a...
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Answer the Electronics problem
Of course, based on the temperature the Ohmic value would vary. But the device remains Ohmic nevertheless !😉 -Karthik
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Urgent help please--need to make sense of a circuit
This is how I understood the circuit - 1) R1-C1-D1-D2 form a clipping circuit such that, before diode D3, we get a clipped sine wave of...
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Answer the Electronics problem
Hey Big Ohm, All electrical devices are Ohmic in a way. The heating element in the heater is Ohmic and so is a lamp. -Karthik
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seven segment LED
Simple - Given that Power supply is 5V, and LED Vf is 1.4V. The rest of the voltage has to drop in a resistor. Secondly current...
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Answer the Electronics problem
1) I totally disagree with them. When you connect two loads in series, the current through them is always the same. WHATEVER YOU DO !!!😒 2)...
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How to generate the sound of a certain frequency?
I think this link gives a circuit to you without the need of Schmitt triggers - <a href="https://ece.uprm.edu/%7Epol/pdf/icee04CruzPol.pdf" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener...
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Answer the Electronics problem
1) 1:1 2) 2000W 3) 50W 4) (1/4*Pi*Epsilon)(p^2*a^2/d^2) - None of the choices. - Karthik
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seven segment LED
Though i am not completely sure about it, i think the half digit means that in the Most Significant digit position, all the segments will not...
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seven segment LED
Before we go to the actual solution, lets see if people can get the answers first - a) Max power used = 1.15W b) LED resistor...
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automated water tank
Hi Noj, I fell i am not exactly able to understand what you have implemented in order to comment on it. Like Big K said, better...
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automated water tank
The problem is the NAND gate. Assume S1 is upper sensor output and S2 is lower sensor output, and assume that when water level reaches below...
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can i know working of this circuit?
Hmm !!! Perhaps you should just check the theory behind the circuit in your text books and try out the calculations. Then you may get an...
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problem in IR sensor circuit
Which is the IR receiver you are using? Can you give the part number? From what i understand from the circuit, you want to stop the...
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can i know working of this circuit?
The reason why the astable will not get simulated in any circuit simulator (incl PSPICE) is because the astable works on the principle that there is...
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can i know working of this circuit?
Ok, here is what i understood - 1) Circuit with IC1 is an Astable Multivibrator to generate the clock for IC2. The clock frequency is decided...
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What is the use of optocoupler in this circuit?
Exactly ! Plus also connect pin 4 to GND. -Karthik
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What is the use of optocoupler in this circuit?
Yes you will see an output at pin 1 of the Opto. But this will not be useful because the R1 = 100kOhm and this high...
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Problems understanding a circuit
The main idea of using Schematic page 5 is given on Page 4 of the same document. It is a 120 kHz carrier detector. It gives...
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What is the use of optocoupler in this circuit?
That is because the behavior of the component is such. Whenever a current flows through the LED in the Opto, we expect the switch (phototransistor) to...
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The voltage waveform of a capacitor?
It would still be an exponential charge or discharge depending on whether the final voltage at the 2nd circuit is respectively higher or lower than the...
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What is the use of optocoupler in this circuit?
I can think of only 1 reason - GROUND ISOLATION. -Karthik
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can u tell me whether this circuit is having some error or not
1) Yes the circuit is correct. No mistakes. No need of the Opto to check the output. Just check the voltage at IC1C pin 9. It...
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can u tell me whether this circuit is having some error or not
Firstly let me indicate my understanding of the circuit - 1) The opto gets on when 1,4,7 are pressed in that sequence alone. 2) Normally S12...
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TL431 shunt regulator
1) The input resistance depends on the Load current - because the load current causes a voltage drop across the resistor. Therefore it should be chosen...
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HELP: Automatic bell using microcontroller
To answer your questions - 1) Its the other way, when we require to activate the buzzer, a HIGH is given by the port. This drives...
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HELP: Automatic bell using microcontroller
To answer your questions - 1) Its the other way, when we require to activate the buzzer, a HIGH is given by the port. This drives...
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Powering a load from two sources
Since i cant draw an actual circuit, let me try it this way - 1) You would need two more MOSFETS to realise this. It is...
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HELP: Automatic bell using microcontroller
Here goes - Refer the datasheet of DS12887 on the internet. Its a Real Time Clock IC. The Controller AT89C52 is reading the clock data and...
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Phase loss indication
There is no way LEDs will directly work with normal AC. You do need to step it down either by a transformer or by using a...
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Power Amplification
I am not sure if Audio amps will help because 32kHz is out of the Audio range.😒 However a normal Class A/Class AB amplifier followed by...
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Difference between I2C & SPI
Here are some that i could think of - 1) I2C is half duplex while SPI can be full duplex. 2) Device addressing in I2C is...
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Phase loss indication
Simple !! Step-down, rectify and filter each of the phases separately into 3 DC voltages which power 3 different LEDs. When any of the phases fail,...
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Simple Bluetooth device with 3 meter range
Pretty simple. Just choose a good small Antenna and connect it the Bluetooth device with the proper impedance match. You can get much more than 3...
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Radio waves for short distance application
From what I read in the internet, if you are referring to tracking methods that are usually employed in Wildlife, it is not very accurate and...
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FM1 and FM2
There is no difference. It is the same FM band. FM1 and FM2 are just fancy names given for 2 places where you can store presets....
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power inverter help
The inverter AC output may have shorted/heavily loading inside the inverter itself. That could be one reason why the fault light is glowing and excess primary...
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How to convert digital to analog
Woah Woah there !!! Calm down !! With all due respect to Rifaa, I think what Shahrul says is perfectly possible. Though I2C protocol as such...
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floating point at pins of microcontroller
If the blinking rate of the LED is very fast and you are using a normal multimeter to measure the port signal, the value you are...
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Jfet
Datasheet will say it. However, normally used JFETs are constructed in such a way that the source and drain can be used interchangeably. - Karthik
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BJTs
Considering a simple CE amplifier configuration - Determining the Icsat will give you an idea of how much Ibsat you would need. Note here that Icsat...
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Capacitors working in series
You say that you need the stored energy to excite a flash lamp for a short duration with high energy. I would then be careful about...
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Need Help In Understanding The Circuit Diagram
This link should give you an idea of the design procedure of an Astable and also what the frequency is. <a href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/12862517/Designing-an-Astable-Multivibr...
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Need Help In Understanding The Circuit Diagram
Here goes - Refer:<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multivibrator" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">Multivibrator</a> 1) The circuit with T1 and T2 is an As...
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Wide-range input Flyback converter
I am not sure if you have already tried it. But, why don't you look into Design softwares provided by Power Integrations/International Rectifier. Usually for Flyback...
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How to calculate EMF and/or Voltage from Charge Difference ??
Coulomb's Law is the answer - Voltage difference = (1/4*pi*Epsilon0)*(q2-q1)/d - Epsilon0 = Permittivity of free space - q2 = Total charge at Place B -...
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Can anyone Design Power Supply for me
Regarding the heating up, I would advise a relook into your design. If you are using Linear design, you would have close to 2.8W of dissipation...
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Silly LED question 2*12Vl ead acid supply
I perhaps got the reason - I am not allowed to post attachments. Big K - HELP !!!! 😕 Sorry if this is off-topic !! -Karthik
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Silly LED question 2*12Vl ead acid supply
I have a simple solution. 1) Drive the LEDs through a NPN transistor (or many depending on number of LEDs and current required) with LED(s) connected...
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Inverting Op-amp questions.
Whoopsy !!! Thats right ! I did miss out the 56k in parallel to 2k. You are right josenit. At least we both are in agreement...
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Inverting Op-amp questions.
I would beg to differ. This is how I understand the circuit - Considering that the voltage at -ve pin of op-amp is 0 (virtual GND...
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Help converting 6v dc to 6v ac
Hmm!! Thinking on totally different lines, if your aim is just to light a lamp that runs on 6V ac with a 6V dc supply, I...
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significance of fourier series & guard band.
Guard bands are used to provide a gap between adjacent channels in a frequency spectrum because it simplifies the design of filters for the channels without...
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Obtaining constant voltage from a spike?
An Edge triggered Flip-Flop should do the trick ! -Karthik 😁
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How to calculate power in capacitor?
No capacitors have pure capacitance, there is always a resistive component. If that is what you require, you can refer the datasheets to get the resistance...
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buck-boost converter
Try - <a href="https://www.digikey.com" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">DigiKey Electronics - Electronic Components Distributor</a>
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Can't figure out function of transistor in the given circuit
I don't see how that is possible. The base current is high enough for the Transistors to go to saturation. Can you tell us the exact...
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How to make Ir control for a 2.1 speaker?
Not necessarily, there are IR sensors available that work with 3.3V also. -Karthik 😁
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How to make Ir control for a 2.1 speaker?
If your speaker system has an AC power supply of its own, you can use it. It should be having an AD-DC converter inside for its...
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electrolytic capacitor not used in tuned filters
All the available Electrolytic capacitors tend to have a large capacitance value which is suitable only for low frequency operations. Tuned circuits usually are used in...
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ir led
Ask for the part number and check it on the internet. I hope at least they know the part number, or .... Another idea is to...
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Current and voltage source
You got it wrong, in fact the opposite. A battery is indeed a voltage source. Assuming it is well charged, it maintains the same voltage irrespective...
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CMOS inverter
NMOS logic uses a MOSFET connected to GND (Logic 0). When the MOSFET is activated it acts almost like a short thereby bringing the signal to...
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Equivalent Circuit of VCO, Help Plz?
One simple way is to design a Hartley oscillator. Instead of a fixed capacitor you can use a Varicap diode whose capacitance changes with the input...
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Circuit design help needed - analog
What I meant to say was that the sending units vary with manufacturer and a particular unit could have resistance of 10 to 90, or 0...
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Rolling LED display
Can it be done this way? Others may please correct me if wrong. Commonly used LCD drivers take in data serially to control the array of...
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Circuit design help needed - analog
I have this idea. Sorry that I have to draw a circuit and have no other way to do it that this way- This is an...
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Circuit design help
From your post I understand the following - 1) The communication you use id 1-way 2) You have a separate Vcc onnection through the wire even...
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simultaneous generation of pulses
Dude ! I cant understand the problem. Can you be more clear on what your application is? What are these pulses? - Karthik
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Switching Between Different Color Leds
You can of course use one switch to switch between blue and white. But for more colour combinations you would need more switches. You would be...
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Input Resistance and Sensitivity...
just2rockV=KIR...that means voltahge will take control on current flow depending upon resistance...not vice versa 😕Hmm. Let me explain it this way then. Say you have a...
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problem with 74LS244 buffer
😕 I think for me to get a better idea (perhaps for the others too) can you just share with us the schematic if the buffer...
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Circuit design help
You say that one of the signals of your cable is also Vcc. Then you can use the Vcc connection in the cable to detect connection...
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Input Resistance and Sensitivity...
I think what it indicates that even small currents flowing into the device can lead to considerable voltages at the inputs. -Karthik
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Producing high current from batteries
Hi Saurav, I would disagree to your suggestions - using an opamp would need additional supply which I think our friend doesn't have. Also using a...
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Where can we use autocad electrical?
I presume that you are talking about ORCAD to draw schematics and simulate them. You can download a student version (free) from the internet.
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At very high frequencies why devices tend to radiate?
I think it has to do with Antenna basics. Any conductor would radiate some frequencies based on its length. If I remember it right a conductor...
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Ribbon wire repair project
The easiest way out would be for you to take the unit to your nearest local electrical stores and ask the person there to solder the...
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interfacing a temperature sensor
From what I understand from vza, he already has a circuit that gives a 8-bit code corresponding to the temperature. So there is no need of...
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Surface mount IC voltage regulator
Considering the low load current requirements, I think it is cheaper to use a simple zener regulator instead of a regulator IC. -Karthik 😁
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DC blocking Caps
Regarding AC Coupling caps I can say for sure that they need to be connected as close to the load as possible. This is because if...
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Electronics: Question about input/output impedance
Simple - 1) Input impedance of a system should be high so that the system does not load the source. 2) Output impedance of a system...
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Request: Help in analyzing electronic circuits
I would suggest another thing. I think it is better to read a good Basic Electronics book and use P-Spice basic version to develop and analyse...
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Import the Orcad Pspice model of LTC4088EDE
Unless Linear Technology offers it by itself its difficult to get the pspice model. BTW I checked the site and they don't have any. Why not...
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Proximity Sensor to display LED color pattern.
I don't know about IR, but I surely know that Ultrasound is used for distance measurements in parking assist systems of cars. Its simple. Just use...
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Small doubt regarding field theory
Capacitances are usually parallel in any system (unless explicitly mounted in series). For Eg-In a co-axial cable, there is is a capacitance between the centre conductor...
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90' turn in pcb trace? is it harmfull
Yes it is harmful depending on what signal it carries. If it a DC signal no harm. If a HF signal, then the abrupt turn of...
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Guard traces for critical signals in PCB? Does it really protect!
Yes, Guard traces do help a lot in reducing adjacent channel interferences in analog signals. It depends on your interference level requirement. If it is very...
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Encoder data: How to interpret encoder data from a motor going into the PIC16F877?
Re: Encoder data: How to interpret encoder data from a motor going into the PIC16F877 No the encoder doesn't send data continuously. It only sends pulses...
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Encoder data: How to interpret encoder data from a motor going into the PIC16F877?
Re: Encoder data: How to interpret encoder data from a motor going into the PIC16F877 An Encoder normally works like this. 1) Channel A is connected...
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Can we replace a polar capacitor with a non-polar capacitor in a circuit?
No, non-polarised capacitors also have a voltage rating, whcih depends on their construction. To answer the question, the usage of polarised or non-polarised capacitor depends on....
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Resistance Vs Impedance
For calculation purposes you can of course consider the track resistance only for DC applications. But strictly speaking, on a PCB, the track need not be...
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Help with installing a 600amp meter without a shunt??
Eh !!! Just a basic doubt. Is a transformer able to measure DC currents? I don't think so.
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square wave -->sine using passive bandpass filter
I don't think its that simple. The gain of the circuit is 1/(impedance of LC circuit) So depending in the LC, the gain would be the...
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square wave -->sine using passive bandpass filter
Hi Windell, To answer your questions - 1) IMO there should be no influence of impedance of the filter on the microprocessor. Just make sure that...
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Let's crack the MindQuiz!
Stuck at Level 14 #-Link-Snipped-# Please help. Secondly how is the answer for Level 13, 43 Thanks Karthik
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Send 12v Serial Data from PIC to ECU
Hi Chrisall, The simplest way I would say is to use a rail-to-rail Opamp in comparator configuration. Connect V+ to 12V, V- to 0, In- also...
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What's the name for this holes?
Could they be vias ?? Kits normally have all the required connectors for probing signals. Karthik
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Effect of change in capacitance value.
1) By pass capacitors are used to prevent any voltage spikes that could falsely turn on the transistor. Effect of capacitance value is that of a...
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high sensitivity current sensing
Just a small change in Vissin's logic. no need of another shunt. the comparator needs to be connected across the "load" through which the 0.1A current...
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Signal Transmission
One of the many ways that I can think of - 1) As suggested, use 8-bit PCM at 8kHz sampling (data rate is 64kbps). It is...
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Switching circuits
Firstly i presume that by 3v bulbs you did not mean 3 volts. With that, i think you can either use relays or SCRs to convert...
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Difference Between UPS and Voltage Stabilizer?
Hi AZFL, In my opinion it is very rare that monitor flickers are normally caused by voltage variations because the variations would need to be very...
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Car Radio Ideas
Hi Big K, 1) Already available Check out the Hamburg MP57 radio from Blaupunkt in market. 2) I am pretty sure about ipod, but what is...
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Design a circuit capable of displaying peak voltage
1) Use a 4 bit ADC to measure the voltage. 2) Use a 4bit register to store the value 3) Implement a logic such that the...
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Brain teaser: Design a circuit capable of displaying all vowels using 7 segment LCD
Re: Brain teaser: Design a circuit capable of displaying all vowels using 7 segment L To put it in simple words - 1) Use a 3bit...
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Explain need of neutral in electrical appliances
The Neutral terminal is analogous to the negative terminal of a battery. It serves as the the return path for the Alternating current beginning at the...
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555 Astable Siren
From what I have understood of your short explanation - 1) You can use a transistor as a switch and use a controller port to drive...
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