Automatic Street Lighting System for Energy Efficiency based on Microcontroller

Project Abstract / Summary : This project proposes energy efficient of automatic street lighting system based on low cost microcontroller. The main objective is to design energy efficient based controller for controlling the Light Emitting Diode (LED) based street lamp via appropriate lighting levels control. This system is consists of a microcontroller, light sensor, rain sensor, laser sensor and a set of the light emitting diode (LED) module. While, the controlling and managing of the system is based on the number of traffic and five different level of street light brightness has been used for lighting up the street and proportional to the number of traffic. The system was programmed to automatically turn off during the hours of daylight and only operate during the night and heavy raining or bad weather.
I. INTRODUCTION Basically, street lighting is one of the important parts of a city’s infrastructure where the main function is to illuminate the city’s streets during dark hours of the day. Previously, the number of streets in the town and city is very small. Therefore, the street lamps are relatively simple but with the development of urbanization, the number of streets increases rapidly with high traffic density . There are several factors need to be considered in order to design a good street lighting system such as night-time safety for community members and road users, provide public lighting at cost effective, the reduction of crime and minimizing it is effect on the environment another method that has been used was opticalcontrol method. This method is using high pressure sodium lamp in their system. It can be seen that this method is widely used in the country nowadays. This method operates by set up an optical control circuit, change the resistance by using of light sensitive device to control street lamps light up automatically at dusk and turn off automatically after dawn in the morning. Due to the technological development nowadays, road lighting can be categorized according to the installation area, performance and their used, for an example, lighting for traffic routes, lighting for subsidiary roads and lighting for urban center and public amenity areas. While, the wireless sensor network (WSN) helps in improving the network sensing for street lighting.


Three parts have been included under this topic for completed this study. Design archictecture is the main block function for the proposed design. While, the hardware specification will detail out the components involved in this design from the sensor components until the controller selection. Software development based on the proposed design will be detail out in software part where the flow of the system operation will be detailed out elaboarated. A. Design Architrecture The system development is start with the design architecture of the proposed design. Transparent block diagram has been used to outline the proposed design as shown in Figure 1. Four main components have been identified as the input to the system; clock, power, vector input and water sensor. While, two components have been declared as the output two this system; display and LED module.The street lamp period, water detection, light detection and presence of vehicles are the four processes managed and controller by the microcontroller based on the input from the laser sensor, dark sensor and water sensor. The status of the system operation is display on the LCD and the brightness of the LED module is controlled by the light intensity block based on the input from microcontroller.Three type of sensor have been used including vector and non-vector type sensor. The function of dark or light sensor module is to detect the surrounding light level. Light Depends Resistor (LDR) has been used to detect and measured the surrounding light level. All light response or changing is measured in volt. The laser sensor is used to detect the vehicle presence for determine the density of the traffic. Every vehicle crossing the laser beam will be counting and the decision will be making based on the number of vehicles across the sensor. Density of the rain is measured using rain sensor since the rain factor is determined as the influence factor of the road safety. The rain sensor is developed using the array of copper and constructed using printed circuit board (PCB). Arduino UNO Atmega 328P-PU has been selected as the controller in this system due to the low cost, compatibility, compact size and easy interfacing over several type of other controller including Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA), Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and Programmable Integrated Circuit (PIC).

Why did you choose to work on this project topic : As this project has wide applications and around 77% - 81% of power
consumption can be reduced by using this system towards
providing a solution for energy saving. Furthermore, the
minimal components including the low cost controller and
LED module produce the better saving in term of cost. On
top of that, the lifetime, better illumination and low power
consumption of LED are the other criteria for reducing the
operational and maintenance cost after installation compare
to high pressure sodium lamp and others. Hence, it helps in further improves the energy efficiency and quality of lighting level

Project Category : Electrical / Electronics / Communication
------------------------------------------------------
Institute/College Name: Visvesvaraya national institute of technology (VNIT)
City: NAGPUR
State: Maharashtra
Participating Team From: Third Year