looking for chlorine/methane reactions

Replies

• 

  Anil Pachpande

  Hi,
  I know about chlorine reaction in waste water. Its like chlorine reacts with water to form hypochlorous acid.
  H2O + Cl2 ----> HOCl + HCl
  
  This HOCl helps in desinfection / oxidation of impurities. It destroys algae, minerals, dust & material causing odour, colour, turbidity etc..
  
  ... Sorry, I am not much aware of methane reaction.
  
  😀
• 

  flowers

  hi freind
  
  thanks for ur replay, its a simple information and i know it. please if u have any more about this subject.
  
  i need ebooks and lectures and any websites dealing with this subject
  
  thanks alot
• 

  LazarusLong

  flowers

  hi freind
  
  thanks for ur replay, its a simple information and i know it. please if u have any more about this subject.
  
  i need ebooks and lectures and any websites dealing with this subject
  
  thanks alot

  General Reactions:
  chlorine/methane reactions - Yahoo Search Results
  
  waste water treatment:
  #-Link-Snipped-#
  
  Probably more to the point:
  #-Link-Snipped-#
  "
  3.2.2 Primary treatment
  
  The objective of primary treatment is the removal of settleable organic and inorganic solids by sedimentation, and the removal of materials that will float (scum) by skimming. Approximately 25 to 50% of the incoming biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), 50 to 70% of the total suspended solids (SS), and 65% of the oil and grease are removed during primary treatment. Some organic nitrogen, organic phosphorus, and heavy metals associated with solids are also removed during primary sedimentation but colloidal and dissolved constituents are not affected. The effluent from primary sedimentation units is referred to as primary effluent. Table 12 provides information on primary effluent from three sewage treatment plants in California along with data on the raw wastewaters.
  Table 12: QUALITY OF RAW WASTEWATER AND PRIMARY EFFLUENT AT SELECTED TREATMENT PLANTS IN CALIFORNIA
  

  Quality parameters (mg/l, except as otherwise indicated) ​

  City of Davis ​

  San Diego ​

  Los Angeles County Joint Plant ​

  Raw wastewater ​

  Primary effluent ​

  Raw wastewater ​

  Primary effluent ​

  Raw wastewater ​

  Primary effluent ​

  Biochemical oxygen demand,BOD5
  

  112 ​

  73 ​

  184 ​

  134 ​

  - ​

  204 ​

  Total organic carbon
  

  63.8 ​

  40.6 ​

  64.8 ​

  52.3 ​

  - ​

  - ​

  Suspended solids
  

  185 ​

  72 ​

  200 ​

  109 ​

  - ​

  219 ​

  Total nitrogen
  

  43.4 ​

  34.7 ​

  - ​

  - ​

  - ​

  - ​

  
  
  NH3-N
  

  35.6 ​

  26.2 ​

  21.0 ​

  20.0 ​

  - ​

  39.5 ​

  
  
  NO-N
  

  0 ​

  0 ​

  - ​

  - ​

  - ​

  - ​

  
  
  Org-N
  

  7.8 ​

  8.5 ​

  - ​

  - ​

  - ​

  14.9 ​

  Total phosphorus
  

  - ​

  7.5 ​

  - ​

  10.2 ​

  - ​

  11.2 ​

  
  
  Ortho-P
  

  - ​

  7.5 ​

  11.2 ​

  
  
  

  - ​

  
  
  pH (unit)
  

  7.7 ​

  - ​

  7.3 ​

  7.3 ​

  - ​

  - ​

  Cations:
  
  
  Ca
  

  - ​

  - ​

  - ​

  - ​

  78.8 ​

  - ​

  
  
  Mg
  

  - ​

  - ​

  - ​

  - ​

  25.6 ​

  - ​

  
  
  Na
  

  - ​

  - ​

  - ​

  - ​

  357 ​

  359 ​

  
  
  K
  

  - ​

  - ​

  - ​

  - ​

  19 ​

  19 ​

  Anions:
  
  
  SO4
  

  - ​

  
  
  

  160 ​

  
  
  

  270 ​

  
  
  
  
  Cl
  

  - ​

  
  
  

  120 ​

  
  
  

  397 ​

  
  
  Electrical conductivity, dS/m
  

  2.52 ​

  2.34 ​

  
  
  
  
  

  2.19 ​

  - ​

  Total dissolved solids
  

  - ​

  - ​

  829 ​

  821 ​

  1404 ​

  1406 ​

  Soluble sodium percentage, %
  

  - ​

  
  
  

  - ​

  
  
  

  70.3 ​

  
  
  Sodium adsorption ratio
  

  - ​

  - ​

  - ​

  - ​

  8.85 ​

  6.8 ​

  Boron (B)
  

  - ​

  - ​

  - ​

  - ​

  1.68 ​

  1.5 ​

  Alkalinity (CaCO3)
  

  - ​

  - ​

  - ​

  
  
  

  322 ​

  332 ​

  Hardness (CaCO3)
  

  - ​

  
  
  

  - ​

  
  
  

  265 ​

  
  
  
  

  Source: Asano and Tchobanoglous (1987)​

  In many industrialized countries, primary treatment is the minimum level of preapplication treatment required for wastewater irrigation. It may be considered sufficient treatment if the wastewater is used to irrigate crops that are not consumed by humans or to irrigate orchards, vineyards, and some processed food crops. However, to prevent potential nuisance conditions in storage or flow-equalizing reservoirs, some form of secondary treatment is normally requiredinthese countries, even in the case of non-food crop irrigation. It may be possible to use at least a portion of primary effluent for irrigation if off-line storage is provided.
  Primary sedimentation tanks or clarifiers may be round or rectangular basins, typically 3 to 5 m deep, with hydraulic retention time between 2 and 3 hours. Settled solids (primary sludge) are normally removed from the bottom of tanks by sludge rakes that scrape the sludge to a central well from which it is pumped to sludge processing units. Scum is swept across the tank surface by water jets or mechanical means from which it is also pumped to sludge processing units.
  In large sewage treatment plants (> 7600 m3/d in the US), primary sludge is most commonly processed biologically by anaerobic digestion. In the digestion process, anaerobic and facultative bacteria metabolize the organic material in sludge (see Example 3), thereby reducing the volume requiring ultimate disposal, making the sludge stable (nonputrescible) and improving its dewatering characteristics. Digestion is carried out in covered tanks (anaerobic digesters), typically 7 to 14 m deep. The residence time in a digester may vary from a minimum of about 10 days for high-rate digesters (well-mixed and heated) to 60 days or more in standard-rate digesters. Gas containing about 60 to 65% methane is produced during digestion and can be recovered as an energy source. In small sewage treatment plants, sludge is processed in a variety of ways including: aerobic digestion, storage in sludge lagoons, direct application to sludge drying beds, in-process storage (as in stabilization ponds), and land application.
  ======================================
  
  3.2.5 Disinfection
  
  Disinfection normally involves the injection of a chlorine solution at the head end of a chlorine contact basin. The chlorine dosage depends upon the strength of the wastewater and other factors, but dosages of 5 to 15 mg/l are common. Ozone and ultra violet (uv) irradiation can also be used for disinfection but these methods of disinfection are not in common use. Chlorine contact basins are usually rectangular channels, with baffles to prevent short-circuiting, designed to provide a contact time of about 30 minutes. However, to meet advanced wastewater treatment requirements, a chlorine contact time of as long as 120 minutes is sometimes required for specific irrigation uses of reclaimed wastewater. The bactericidal effects of chlorine and other disinfectants are dependent upon pH, contact time, organic content, and effluent temperature.
  ======================================
  3.2.7 Reliability of conventional and advanced wastewater treatment
  
  Wastewater reclamation and reuse systems should contain both design and operational requirements necessary to ensure reliability of treatment. Reliability features such as alarm systems, standby power supplies, treatment process duplications, emergency storage or disposal of inadequately treated wastewater, monitoring devices, and automatic controllers are important. From a public health standpoint, provisions for adequate and reliabile disinfection are the most essential features of the advanced wastewater treatment process. Where disinfection is required, several reliability features must be incorporated into the system to ensure uninterrupted chlorine feed.
  "
• 

  flowers

  thanks alot my friend for ur help.
  its useful information for me .