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CRDI-IT STANDS FOR COMMON RAIL DIRECT INJECTION
I M DOING MECHANICAL ENGG.-3rd YEAR
I WANT TO KNOW HOW THIS SYSTEM WORKS
COM-ON MECHEYS
Common rail direct fuel injection is a modern variant of direct <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_injection" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">Fuel injection - Wikipedia</a> system for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">Diesel engine - Wikipedia</a>. It features a high-<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">Pressure - Wikipedia</a> (1000+ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_%28unit%29" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">Bar (unit) - Wikipedia</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_rail" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">Common rail - Wikipedia</a> feeding individual <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solenoid_valve" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">Solenoid valve - Wikipedia</a>, as opposed to low-pressure <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_pump" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">Fuel pump - Wikipedia</a> feeding #-Link-Snipped-# or high-pressure fuel line to mechanical valves controlled by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cam" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">Cam - Wikipedia</a> on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camshaft" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">Camshaft - Wikipedia</a>. Third generation common rail diesels now feature <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piezoelectric" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">Piezoelectricity - Wikipedia</a> injectors for even greater accuracy, with fuel pressures up to 180 MPa / 1800 bar, although a new version of Delphi’s proven diesel common rail system will allow compliance with Euro 6 and US Tier 2 Bin 5 without costly next-generation injection technologies.
working
Solenoid or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piezoelectric" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">Piezoelectricity - Wikipedia</a> valves make possible fine <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_control_unit" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">Electronic control unit - Wikipedia</a> over the injection time and amount, and the higher pressure that the common rail technology makes available provides better fuel <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomisation" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">Atomization - Wikipedia</a>. In order to lower engine <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise_%28environmental%29" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">Noise pollution - Wikipedia</a>, the engine's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_control_unit" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">Electronic control unit - Wikipedia</a> can inject a small amount of diesel just before the main injection event ("pilot" injection), thus reducing its explosiveness and vibration, as well as optimising injection timing and quantity for variations in fuel quality, cold starting, and so on. Some advanced common rail fuel systems perform as many as five injections per stroke.
Common rail engines require no heating up time, and produce lower engine noise and lower emissions than older systems.
In older diesel engines, a distributor-type injection pump, regulated by the engine, supplies bursts of fuel to injectors which are simply nozzles through which the diesel is sprayed into the engine's combustion chamber. As the fuel is at low pressure and there cannot be precise control of fuel delivery, the spray is relatively coarse and the combustion process is relatively crude and inefficient.
In common rail systems, the distributor injection pump is eliminated. Instead an extremely high pressure pump stores a reservoir of fuel at high pressure—up to 2,000 bar (200 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megapascal" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">Pascal (unit) - Wikipedia</a>)—in a "common rail", basically a tube which in turn branches off to computer-controlled injector valves, each of which contains a precision-machined nozzle and a plunger driven by a solenoid. Driven by a computer (which also controls the amount of fuel to the pump), the valves, rather than pump timing, control the precise moment when the fuel injection into the cylinder occurs and also allow the pressure at which the fuel is injected into the cylinders to be increased. As a result, the fuel that is injected atomises easily and burns cleanly, reducing exhaust emissions and increasing efficiency.
Most European automakers have common rail diesels in their model lineups, even for commercial vehicles. Some Japanese manufacturers, such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isuzu" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">Isuzu - Wikipedia</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">Toyota - Wikipedia</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nissan" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">Nissan - Wikipedia</a> and recently <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honda" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">Honda - Wikipedia</a>, have also developed common rail diesel engines. Some <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">India - Wikipedia</a> companies have also successfully implemented this technology, notably Mahindra & Mahindra for their 'Scorpio-CRDe' and Tata Motors for their 'Safari-DICOR'.
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