Civil/stuctural terms and words

maria flor

maria flor

@maria-flor-8cAkif • Oct 26, 2024
This thread is dedicated to all the terms and words used by Civil and Structural engineers.😀
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  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Mar 28, 2011

    1. Underground plumbing- The plumbing drain and waste lines that are installed beneath a basement floor.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Mar 28, 2011

    2. Water tap- The connection point where the home water line connects to the main municipal water system.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Mar 28, 2011

    3. Mullion- A vertical divider in the frame between windows, doors, or other openings.
  • CIVILPRINCESS

    CIVILPRINCESS

    @civilprincess-308hDv • Mar 28, 2011

    Tensegrity, tensional integrity or floating compression, is a structural principle based on the use of isolated components in compression inside a net of continuous tension, in such a way that the compressed members (usually bars or struts) do not touch each other and the prestressed tensioned members (usually cables or tendons) delineate the system spatially. this concept is used in many structures like tents, fabric domes, towers.
    the following picture shows a tensegrity tower from the bottom.
    [​IMG]
  • CIVILPRINCESS

    CIVILPRINCESS

    @civilprincess-308hDv • Mar 28, 2011

    lintel:
    a beam that the takes the load of the construction materials above the door or window so that the frames and windows don't have to bear the stress due to the dead weight.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Mar 28, 2011

    Eaves- The horizontal exterior roof overhang.
    [​IMG]
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Mar 28, 2011

    Elevation sheet- The page on the blue prints that depicts the house or room as if a vertical plane were passed through the structure.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Mar 28, 2011

    Dampproofing- The black, tar like waterproofing material applied to the exterior of a foundation wall.
    [​IMG]
  • CIVILPRINCESS

    CIVILPRINCESS

    @civilprincess-308hDv • Mar 28, 2011

    coping : capping or covering of a wall
    [​IMG]
  • CIVILPRINCESS

    CIVILPRINCESS

    @civilprincess-308hDv • Mar 28, 2011

    green building:
    a building that operates in such a manner that it provides the following advantages to the inhabitants.
    1. healthier atmosphere (i.e. does not release intoxicating gases like CO2)
    2. less or zero energy demand.
    3. efficient waste disposal
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Mar 28, 2011

    Tail beam- A relatively short beam or joist supported in a wall on one end and by a header at the other.
    [​IMG]
  • CIVILPRINCESS

    CIVILPRINCESS

    @civilprincess-308hDv • Mar 28, 2011

    dove tail joint: a type of joint used in carpentry

    [​IMG]
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Mar 28, 2011

    Tread- The walking surface board in a stairway on which the foot is placed.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Mar 28, 2011

    Trimmer- The vertical stud that supports a header at a door, window, or other opening.
    [​IMG]
  • CIVILPRINCESS

    CIVILPRINCESS

    @civilprincess-308hDv • Mar 28, 2011

    maria flor
    Tread- The walking surface board in a stairway on which the foot is placed.
    rise: the difference in level between two consecutive steps.
    always the tread has to greater than rise.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Mar 29, 2011

    Jamb- The side and head lining of a doorway, window, or other opening. Includes studs as well as the frame and trim.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Mar 29, 2011

    Hurricane clip- Metal straps that are nailed and secure the roof rafters and trusses to the top horizontal wall plate. Sometimes called a Teco clip.
    [​IMG]
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Mar 29, 2011

    Waferboard - A manufactured wood panel made out of 1″- 2″ wood chips and glue. Often used as a substitute for plywood in the exterior wall and roof sheathing.
    [​IMG]
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Mar 29, 2011

    Top chord- The upper or top member of a truss.
    Bottom chord – The lower or bottom horizontal member of a truss.

    [​IMG]
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Mar 30, 2011

    Landing- a platform between flights of stairs or at the termination of a flight of stairs. It is often used when stairs change direction. Normally no less than 3 ft. X 3 ft. square.

    [​IMG]
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Mar 30, 2011

    Inside corner- The point at which two walls form an internal angle, as in the corner of a room.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Mar 30, 2011

    Eaves- The horizontal exterior roof overhang.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Mar 30, 2011

    Water closet- Another name for toilet.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Mar 30, 2011

    Door operator- it is an automatic garage door opener.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Mar 30, 2011

    Chalk line- A line made by snapping a taut string or cord dusted with chalk. Used for alignment purposes.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Mar 30, 2011

    Cooling load- The amount of cooling required to keep a building at a specified temperature during the summer, usually 78° F, regardless of outside temperature.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Mar 30, 2011

    Bearing wall- A wall that supports any vertical load in addition to its own weight.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Mar 30, 2011

    Bay window- is any window space projecting outward from the walls of a building, either square or polygonal in plan.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Mar 30, 2011

    Bedrock- A subsurface layer of earth that is suitable to support a structure.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Mar 30, 2011

    Column- A vertical structural compression member which supports loads.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Mar 30, 2011

    DWV (drain-waste-vent)- The section of a plumbing system that carries water and sewer gases out of a home.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Mar 30, 2011

    Lattice- An open framework of criss-crossed wood or metal strips that form regular, patterned spaces.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Mar 30, 2011

    Outside corner- The point at which two walls form an external angle, one you usually can walk around.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Mar 30, 2011

    Reducer- A fitting with different size openings at either end and used to go from a larger to a smaller pipe.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Mar 30, 2011

    Seasoning- Drying and removing moisture from green wood in order to improve its usability.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Mar 31, 2011

    Bridging-Small wood or metal members inserted in a diagonal position between the floor joists. They brace the joists and spread the loads.
    [​IMG]
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Mar 31, 2011

    Miter joint-a joint formed by fitting together two panels or pieces of wood that have been cut at the same angle.

    [​IMG]
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Mar 31, 2011

    Patio-a recreational area constructed on the ground.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Mar 31, 2011

    Window frame- The stationary part of a window unit; window sash fits into the window frame.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Mar 31, 2011

    Glazing- The process of installing glass, which commonly is secured with glazier’s points and glazing compound
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Mar 31, 2011

    Flatwork- Common word for concrete floors, driveways, basements, and sidewalks.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Mar 31, 2011

    Downspout- A pipe, usually of metal, for carrying rainwater down from the roof’s horizontal gutters.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Mar 31, 2011

    By pass doors- Doors that slide by each other and commonly used as closet doors.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 8, 2011

    Wall out- When a painter spray paints the interior of a home.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 8, 2011

    Warping- Any distortion in a material.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 8, 2011

    Vent- A pipe or duct which allows the flow of air and gasses to the outside.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 8, 2011

    Expansive soils- Earth that swells and contracts depending on the amount of water that is present.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 8, 2011

    Balusters- Vertical members in a railing used between a top rail and bottom rail or the stair treads. Sometimes referred to as ‘pickets’ or ’spindles’.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 8, 2011

    Attic Ventilators- In houses, screened openings provided to ventilate an attic space.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 8, 2011

    PVC-Poly Vinyl Chloride, a type of plastic used for irrigation pipe and fittings.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 8, 2011

    Drip Irrigation- it is also known as trickle irrigation or microirrigation. It is an irrigation method which saves water and fertilizer by allowing water to drip slowly to the roots of plants, either to the soil surface or directly to the root zone, through a network of pipes, valves,emitters, and tubing.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 8, 2011

    Emitter-is a small device that controls the flow going to the soil. Emitters come in many different flow rates and styles.
  • CIVILPRINCESS

    CIVILPRINCESS

    @civilprincess-308hDv • Apr 8, 2011

    sprinklers:
    a type of irrigation. can be fixed or portable type.
    it has pipes laid below the ground and sprinklers rising above it.
  • anuraadha

    anuraadha

    @anuraadha-57t1B5 • Apr 8, 2011

    Breakwaters : It is a barrier that protects a harbor or shore from the full impact of waves by reducing the intensity of the waves.bw
  • anuraadha

    anuraadha

    @anuraadha-57t1B5 • Apr 9, 2011

    Girt - It is a horizontal member in a framed wall to provide lateral support to the wall panel.
    girt
  • anuraadha

    anuraadha

    @anuraadha-57t1B5 • Apr 9, 2011

    Purlin- A roof beam usually supported by roof trusses.
    purlin
  • anuraadha

    anuraadha

    @anuraadha-57t1B5 • Apr 9, 2011

    Batten plates - They are steel plates used to join two parallel components (such as flanges or angles) of a built-up structural column or girder which transmits shear between the two components.


    ​
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 9, 2011

    Beam-Column- is a structural member whose main function is to carry loads both parallel and transverse to the longitudinal axis.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 9, 2011

    Collateral Load- additional dead loads (not the weight of people and not the weight of the building itself), such as plumbing, duct work, ceilings, and other components of the structure.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 9, 2011

    Span- distance between supports.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 9, 2011

    Stud-a vertical wall member used to attach other structures, such as walls.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 9, 2011

    Strut-a structural brace that resists axial forces.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 9, 2011

    Deflection -the displacement of a structural member or system under a load.
  • CIVILPRINCESS

    CIVILPRINCESS

    @civilprincess-308hDv • Apr 9, 2011

    roof diaphragm
    roof bracing which may be in form of diagnol rafters of primary portal frames.
  • CIVILPRINCESS

    CIVILPRINCESS

    @civilprincess-308hDv • Apr 9, 2011

    knee bracing:
    when column is fixed at base hinged at top, bending moment is maximum at bottom. to reduce this the trusses are sometimes braced laterally by using this.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 10, 2011

    Access chamber-underground chamber enabling access to drains or other underground services.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 10, 2011

    Berm-an earth bank left against a retaining wall during excavation, until it is propped.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 10, 2011

    Cleat-A steel plate with holes for bolting, for connecting the components of a steel frame together.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 10, 2011

    Dragon beam-a diagonal tying timber across the corner of a hip.
    [​IMG]
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 10, 2011

    Ginny wheel-a pulley used for hoisting things up a scaffold.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 10, 2011

    Party wall-a wall shared between two buildings
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 10, 2011

    woodscrew-threaded fastener for use in wood.
  • anuraadha

    anuraadha

    @anuraadha-57t1B5 • Apr 10, 2011

    Span- distance between supports.
    Effective span- center to center distance between supports.
  • anuraadha

    anuraadha

    @anuraadha-57t1B5 • Apr 10, 2011

    Plinth- It is the middle part of the structure, above the surface of the surrounding ground up to the surface of the floor (i.e., floor level) immediately above the ground.
  • anuraadha

    anuraadha

    @anuraadha-57t1B5 • Apr 10, 2011

    Superstructure- The part of the structure constructed above the plinth level (or ground floor level) is termed as superstructure.
  • anuraadha

    anuraadha

    @anuraadha-57t1B5 • Apr 10, 2011

    Shear Wall- Any wall designed to carry horizontal forces acting in its plane with or without the imposed loads is termed as shear wall.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 10, 2011

    Adhesion- the shear resistance between the soil and a structure (e.g. steel, concrete or timber piles; along a retaining wall)
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 10, 2011

    Borrow-a site that is used to supply soils for earthwork construction (i.e. gravel pit).
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 10, 2011

    Eolian Soil-soil deposits that have been transported by wind.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 10, 2011

    Zero air voids curve-the curve created by plotting dry densities of soils corresponding to saturation at each water content.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 10, 2011

    Tension crack depth-the depth of a tension crack from the ground surface to a depth at which the horizontal effective stress is zero.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 10, 2011

    Sensitivity-it is a measure of the change in ultimate strength of clays between undisturbed and disturbed samples.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 10, 2011

    Artesian-a condition that exists when the water table piezometric surface lies above the ground level.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 11, 2011

    Angle of wall friction-the angle of friction between soil and the surface of a retaining wall or bottom side of a foundation.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 11, 2011

    Bedrock-a strong rock underlying surface deposits of soil and weathered rock.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 11, 2011

    Cohesive soils- a clay type soils with angles of internal friction close to zero. Cohesion is the force that holds together molecules or like particles within a substance.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 11, 2011

    Exit gradient-the hydraulic gradient near an exposed surface through which seepage is moving.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 11, 2011

    Yield point -the point at which the soil loading behavior changes from elastic to inelastic.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 11, 2011

    Total head-the height of the free water surface above a given datum.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 11, 2011

    Slurry-it is thick mixture of soil and water.
  • anuraadha

    anuraadha

    @anuraadha-57t1B5 • Apr 11, 2011

    Aggregate-They are materials used in construction, including sand, gravel, crushed stone, slag, or recycled crushed concrete. They resist compressive stress
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 11, 2011

    Atterberg Limits-the water contents of a soil mass corresponding to the transition between a solid, semi-solid, plastic solid or liquid. Laboratory test used to distinguish the plasticity of clay and silt particles.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 11, 2011

    Bulk unit weight-the total weight of water and soil particles contained in a unit volume of soil.
  • anuraadha

    anuraadha

    @anuraadha-57t1B5 • Apr 12, 2011

    Compaction- It is the process by which the soil particles gets rearranged and packed together into a closer state of contact by mechanical means inn order to decrease the porosity of the soil and thus increase the dry density.
  • anuraadha

    anuraadha

    @anuraadha-57t1B5 • Apr 12, 2011

    Consolidation- It is the process in which there is decrease in the water content of saturated soil without replacement of water by air.
  • anuraadha

    anuraadha

    @anuraadha-57t1B5 • Apr 12, 2011

    Lug angle-They are angle section fastened to the end of the member and its connection to distribute the member force to the connection. It is used to reduce the length of gusset plate.
  • anuraadha

    anuraadha

    @anuraadha-57t1B5 • Apr 12, 2011

    Gusset plates-They are used to connect any number of beams or truss members to load-bearing columns.
    gplate
  • anuraadha

    anuraadha

    @anuraadha-57t1B5 • Apr 12, 2011

    Stiffener-A steel angle or plate attached to a slender beam to prevent its buckling by increasing its stiffness.
    stiff web stif
    [​IMG]
  • Viraj Voditel

    Viraj Voditel

    @viraj-iknFSV • Apr 12, 2011

    CIVILPRINCESS
    Tensegrity, tensional integrity or floating compression, is a structural principle based on the use of isolated components in compression inside a net of continuous tension, in such a way that the compressed members (usually bars or struts) do not touch each other and the prestressed tensioned members (usually cables or tendons) delineate the system spatially. this concept is used in many structures like tents, fabric domes, towers.
    the following picture shows a tensegrity tower from the bottom.
    [​IMG]
    Do you have more information regarding how these tensegrity structures are implemented in the real world, because I didn't find any such reference on the internet. Mostly theoretical material is available, but there is no data on whether this technology has been applied anywhere in the world (for eg. any particular dome etc.).

    Further, I didn't understand the use of the tensegrity tower shown in the figure. What is it for?
  • CIVILPRINCESS

    CIVILPRINCESS

    @civilprincess-308hDv • Apr 12, 2011

    tensegrity structures are made use in places where it is not possible to hammer or hold it in ground. you can use them in various applications. they can be used like any other towers for any purposes like transmission or anything. it had a stiffer structure which will enable it to stand stiff without any support even when the wind or other forces are great.

    for the example you've asked. I've just written a post on the application of this concept to a dome called Georgia dome in USA.
    check this link: #-Link-Snipped-#

    if you still have doubts do post them 😀

    -CP
  • CIVILPRINCESS

    CIVILPRINCESS

    @civilprincess-308hDv • Apr 12, 2011

    Bonds In Bricks:

    The arrangement of bricks in brick work so that the vertical joints do not come in a straight line (vertical)
  • CIVILPRINCESS

    CIVILPRINCESS

    @civilprincess-308hDv • Apr 12, 2011

    Frog of Bricks : The depression provided in the face of brick during its manufacturing is known as frog of bricks.If the bricks are laid according to British standards, the frog should be laid upward and filled with mortar.
  • CIVILPRINCESS

    CIVILPRINCESS

    @civilprincess-308hDv • Apr 12, 2011

    Modulus of Resilience

    The work done on a unit volume of material, as a simple tensile force is gradually increased from zero to such a value that the proportional limit of the material is reached, is defined as the modulus of resilience.
  • CIVILPRINCESS

    CIVILPRINCESS

    @civilprincess-308hDv • Apr 12, 2011

    Poisson’s Ratio

    When a bar is subject to a simple tensile loading there is an increase in length of the bar in the direction of the load, but a decrease in the lateral dimensions perpendicular to the load. The ratio of the strain in the lateral direction to that in the axial direction is defined as Poisson’s ratio.
  • CIVILPRINCESS

    CIVILPRINCESS

    @civilprincess-308hDv • Apr 12, 2011

    soundness of cement:
    It is the property of cement due to which it undergoes large change in volume after setting.This change in volume may cause crack and disintegration of concrete.
    To check the soundness of cement Le-Chatlier’s apparatus is used.
  • CIVILPRINCESS

    CIVILPRINCESS

    @civilprincess-308hDv • Apr 12, 2011

    total station:A total station is an electronic/optical instrument used in modern surveying. it has electronic distance meter (EDM) to read the distances.

    [​IMG]
  • CIVILPRINCESS

    CIVILPRINCESS

    @civilprincess-308hDv • Apr 12, 2011

    Hydrographic survey: it is used to create maps of the bottom of rivers, lakes, and oceans using tools as simple as weights attached to lines to GPS and sonar soundings. it is the science of measurement and description of features which affect maritime navigation, marine construction, dredging, offshore oil exploration/drilling and related disciplines. Strong emphasis is placed on soundings, shorelines, tides, currents, sea floor and submerged obstructions that relate to the previously mentioned activities.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 12, 2011

    Aquifer-a stratum of soil with relatively high permeability; a water-bearing stratum of rock or soil.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 13, 2011

    Angle of repose-the maximum angle, just before failure, of a slope composed of granular material .
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 13, 2011

    Colluvial soils-soils deposited at the base of foot-hills via gravity or erosion.
  • anuraadha

    anuraadha

    @anuraadha-57t1B5 • Apr 14, 2011

    Retaining wall -It is a structure constructed to resist the lateral pressure of soil when there is a desired change in ground elevation that exceeds the angle of repose of the soil.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retaining_wall#cite_note-0" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">Retaining Wall Cite Note 0</a>
  • anuraadha

    anuraadha

    @anuraadha-57t1B5 • Apr 14, 2011

    Weir - It is a small overflow dam used to alter the flow characteristics of a river or stream.
  • anuraadha

    anuraadha

    @anuraadha-57t1B5 • Apr 14, 2011

    Moment -moment is measured as the force acting on a structure multiplied by the perpendicular distance ( from the force). Bending moment exists in a structural element when a moment is applied to the element so that the element bends.
  • anuraadha

    anuraadha

    @anuraadha-57t1B5 • Apr 14, 2011

    Shear force - Shear force is an internal force in any material which is usually caused by any external force acting perpendicular to the material.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 14, 2011

    Anisotropic-a mass of soil having different properties in different directions. Primarily refers to permeability or stress-strain characteristics.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 14, 2011

    Creep-time dependent deformations which occurs in soil at constant effective stress without changes in volume and pore water pressure.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 15, 2011

    Boulders-soil particles over 12 inches (305 mm) in size.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 15, 2011

    Dewater-the removal of water from a job site. Usually by pumping from excavations.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 15, 2011

    Gravity walls-retaining walls which depend upon their self weight to provide stability against overturning and sliding; usually made of a high bulk structure.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 15, 2011

    Aqueduct -a bridge or channel for conveying water, usually over long distances
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 15, 2011

    Coffer -a sunken panel in a ceiling
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 15, 2011

    Silt -sediment particles ranging from 0.004 to 0.06 mm (0.00016 to 0.0024 inch) in diameter
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 15, 2011

    Upstream Face -the side of a dam that is against the water
  • anuraadha

    anuraadha

    @anuraadha-57t1B5 • Apr 15, 2011

    caisson - It is a retaining, watertight structure used to work on the foundations of a bridge pier, for the construction of a concrete dam or for the repair of ships.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 15, 2011

    Fissured clay-a clay having an internal network of narrow cracks or separations, in which the width and depth tends to increase upon drying.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 15, 2011

    Optimum moisture content-the water content at which the maximum dry density of a soil is obtained using a specific effort of compaction. Optimum moisture of a specific soil is determined through a Proctor test.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 15, 2011

    Pore air pressure-the pressure of air within the void space of a partially saturated soil.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 15, 2011

    Geotextiles-a synthetic fabric used to stabilize soils, retain soils, prevent the mixing of dissimilar soils, provide a filtering function, pavement support, sub-grade reinforcement, drainage, erosion control and silt containment.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 15, 2011

    Leaching-it is the removal of salts and soluble substances as water flows through a soil medium. Leachate is the leached liquid from the soil, rich in minerals.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 16, 2011

    Drawdown-the magnitude of the lowering of a water table, usually near a well being pumped.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 16, 2011

    Fissures- small cracks.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 16, 2011

    Machine foundation-a foundation that receives regular or irregular vibratory loads that are generated from rotating or impact machinery.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 17, 2011

    Micropile-piles with relatively small diameters.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 17, 2011

    Corrosive waste-a waste that is outside the pH range of 2 to 12.5 or a waste that corrodes steel at a rate greater than 6.35 mm (0.25 in) per year.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 17, 2011

    Discrete settling-settling in which individual particles settle independently, neither agglomerating or interfering with the settling of the other particles present. This occurs in waters with a low concentration of particles.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 18, 2011

    Gas stripping-gas transfer of an undesirable gas from a water stream to the atmosphere.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 18, 2011

    Saltwater intrusion-the gradual replacement of freshwater by saltwater in coastal areas where excessive pumping of groundwater occurs.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 19, 2011

    Air-voids ratio-the ratio of the volume of air to the total volume of a mass of soil.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 19, 2011

    Braced excavation-the use of bracing to laterally support the side-walls of temporary trenches or cuts.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 19, 2011

    Hindered (Zone) settling-a settling in which particle concentrations are sufficient that particles interfere with the settling of other particles. Particles settle together as a body or structure with the water required to traverse the particle interstices.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 19, 2011

    critical height-it is the height of a slope that corresponds to a factor of safety of 1.0 relative to slope failure.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 19, 2011

    Flow velocity-it is the velocity of water flow through a soil.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 19, 2011

    Isotropic-a soil mass having essentially the same properties in all directions. Primarily refers to permeability and stress-strain characteristics.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 19, 2011

    Residual soils-soils that have been formed in place.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 20, 2011

    Epicenter-it is the geographical point on the surface of earth vertically above the focus of the earthquake.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 20, 2011

    Microseism:-these are more or less continuous disturbances in the ground recorded by seismographs.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 22, 2011

    Deviator stress-the difference between the axial and radial stresses of a triaxial test sample.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 22, 2011

    Negative skin friction-forces induced on deep foundations resulting from downward movement of adjacent soil relative to the foundation element.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 22, 2011

    Piezometer-an instrument used to measure in-situ pore water pressures.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 22, 2011

    Tailings-crushed rocks from mines after ore extraction.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 22, 2011

    In situ treatment-treatment of a waste in place, as opposed to pumping or digging the waste up and then treating it.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 22, 2011

    Saltwater intrusion-the gradual replacement of freshwater by saltwater in coastal areas where excessive pumping of groundwater occurs.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 22, 2011

    Influent -the fluid entering a system, process, tank, etc. An effluent from one process can be an influent to another process.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 23, 2011

    Grade Separation-it is a vertical separation between intersecting roads or railroad tracks.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 23, 2011

    Cistern [water supply]: A reservoir, tank, or vessel for storing or holding water or other liquid.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 23, 2011

    Stress irrigation- is a management of irrigation water to apply less than enough water to satisfy the soil water deficiency in the entire root zone.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 23, 2011

    Outfall [wastewater-it refers to the outlet or structure through which effluent is finally discharged to.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 23, 2011

    Adaptor- a fitting that unites different types of pipe together.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 23, 2011

    Backflow-it is the flow of water or other liquids, mixtures, or substances into the distributing pipes of a potable supply of water from any sources other than its intended source.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 23, 2011

    Floor Flange-it is fitting that connects a toilet to a floor drain.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 23, 2011

    Leader-it is a pipe carrying rainwater to the ground or sewer.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 23, 2011

    Sanitary Sewer-it is a house drain that carries wastewater away from the house to a sewer system or septic tank.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 23, 2011

    WYE-it is a Y-shaped fitting with three openings used to create branch lines.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 23, 2011

    Cofferdam-it is a temporary structure used to enclose a construction area, and prevent soil or water from entering the construction area.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 23, 2011

    Drained loading-loading which is slow enough for the water to drain from the soil as the total stresses increase.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 23, 2011

    Flow slide-shear failure in which a soil mass moves over a relatively long distance in a fluid-like manner, occurring rapidly on flat slopes in loose, saturated, uniform sands, or in highly sensitive clays.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 25, 2011

    Air Lock-the blockage in the flow of liquid, esp. on the suction side of a pump caused by an air bubble in the line.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 25, 2011

    Bleed -to drain a pipe, tube, or hose of excess air by opening a valve at the end or systematically removing the air by force or suction.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 25, 2011

    Hydronic-the system of forced hot water.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 25, 2011

    O-Ring-a round rubber washer used to create a watertight seal, chiefly around valve stems.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 25, 2011

    Rigid Pipe-a pipe designed to transmit the backfill load to the foundation beneath the pipe. Rigid pipe must be supported on the bottom portion of the pipe.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 25, 2011

    T & P Valve-temperature & pressure relief valve. A safety device used to expel excess pressure or heat from inside a tank.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 25, 2011

    Pylon-the tower above a bridge deck that usually carries cable stays.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 25, 2011

    Three-hinged arch-a curved structure with hinges usually at each abutment and at the crown.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 25, 2011

    Stiffened suspension bridge-this is a suspension bridge with a stiff horizontal deck.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 25, 2011

    Formwork-the structure (usually wooden) into which fluid concrete is cast and allowed to harden.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 25, 2011

    aerated lagoon-it is a holding or treatment pond that speeds up the natural process of biological decomposition of organic waste by stimulating the growth and activity of bacteria that degrade organic waste.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 25, 2011

    alvusion-it is the sudden or perceptible change in a river's margin, such as a change in course or loss of banks due to flooding.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 25, 2011

    benthic-pertaining to the bottom of a body of water, on or within the bottom substrate material.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 25, 2011

    blackwater-wastewater from toilet, latrine, and agua privy flushing and sinks used for food preparation or disposal of chemical or chemical-biological ingredients.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 25, 2011

    Check dam-a small dam constructed in a gully or other small water course to decrease the streamflow velocity, minimize channel erosion, promote deposition of sediment and to divert water from a channel.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 26, 2011

    abandoned water right-a water right which was not put to beneficial use for a number of years, generally five to seven years.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 26, 2011

    brackish-a mixed fresh and salt water.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 26, 2011

    overdraft-a pumping water from a groundwater basin or aquifer in excess of the supply flowing into the basin; results in a depletion or “mining” of the groundwater in the basin.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 26, 2011

    residue-the dry solids remaining after the evaporation of a sample of water or sludge.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 27, 2011

    adjudication-this is a court proceeding to determine all rights to the use of water on a particular stream system or ground water basin.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 27, 2011

    canopy-the overhanging cover formed by branches and foliage.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 27, 2011

    entrain-to trap bubbles in water either mechanically through turbulence or chemically through a reaction.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 27, 2011

    geohydrology-a term which denotes the branch of hydrology relating to subsurface or subterranean waters; that is, to all waters below the surface.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 30, 2011

    Cobbles-these are soil particles between 3 inches (76 mm) and 12 inches (305 mm) in size.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 30, 2011

    Earth pressure-the force per unit area exerted by soil on a retaining wall.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 30, 2011

    Friction pile-a pile that derives the majority of its load bearing ability from the skin friction between the soil and the pile.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 30, 2011

    Montmorillonite-a clay structure that has a strong attraction to water.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • Apr 30, 2011

    Algicide-a substance or chemical used specifically to kill or control algae.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • May 8, 2011

    Active (Rankine) zone-the area behind a retaining structure that is above the failure plane.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • May 8, 2011

    Buoyant Density-also, submerged density. Difference between the total density and the density of water. Buoyant density = Soil density - Density of water.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • May 8, 2011

    Zoned earth dam-an earth dam embankment zoned by the systematic distribution of soil types according to their strength and permeability characteristics, usually with a centrally impervious core and shells of coarser materials.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • May 8, 2011

    Varved clays-are clays that are layered with fine and coarse varieties.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • May 8, 2011

    Strip footing-a horizontally long footing supporting a wall. Usually a shallow footing.
  • maria flor

    maria flor

    @maria-flor-8cAkif • May 8, 2011

    Shrinkage limit-the water content corresponding to the transition between a brittle solid and a semi-solid. The water content below which further reduction in water content causes no further reduction in volume.