offerring two ready to go innovations absolutely free for societal benefit
Fellow CEans,
attached are the precis of two ready to go innovations developed by me,offered for taking up for societal benefit free.One is a LPG saving device.The other saves street lighting costs.:
1)City street Lighting load is a very significant part of the total power load of a cit.Bombay Muncipal Corporation spends 100 crore a year on street lighting alone.All street lights in a given city are of a standard rating as to consumption (in watts) and output (in terms of luminosity).
However.diiferent streets, areas need different lighting. For e.g. busy Commercial Street is usually at night so loaded with traffic, and shop lighting and hoarding lights and the reflected light from all the glass facades etc that the street lighting only adds to the glare.
Similarly on different nights and different seasons, full lighting is not needed.eg on a full moon summer night with clear skies, why have full power lighting?Or even half moon,three quarters moon and crescent moon nights.
I can demonstrate a chip. Embeddable on each light. That senses the actual amount of light needed on different nights, different times, different streets, etc and adjusts the consumption of each individual light accordingly.
The sensor senses location specific data.ike back ground lighting from other sources, (cancelling out that from other street lights), moonlight, and etc etc.it is based on the photometer used by studio camera professionals and some pretty smart software. It is cheap in mass production.
The savings can be quickly estimated by checking the savings such light saving stratagems such as "day light saving" time adjustment results in the UK.
2) Gas Saving Device For The domestic LPG stove: The most ubiquitous household appliance found in more than 300 million households all over the country and growing in number has several design faults that affect its optimum or even minimum acceptable level of functioning and the application of Job's Design approaches can rectify these. Let us first look at function as the prime objective. The stove is meant to provide heat for cooking food by combusting lpg.(liquefied petroleum gas).The user experience of this stove is greatly enhanced if the user:
a) Has to change the LPG cylinder less often. That is the fuel should last significantly longer.
b) Has to spend less time cooking while achieving the same results so that the pleasure is more than the drudgery. Also b) implies a) i.e. the quicker the food is cooked the more the gas will be saved.
c) Is less exposed to heat and smoke. Again an enhancement of the user experience.
Let us now apply the principle of cutting down clutter and complexity by eliminating what is unnecessary. The first of these design faults to be eliminated is the metallic elements radiating outward from the burner hob on which the utensils are placed. The purpose of these strips is to merely support the cooking utensil. However by making them metal they act as conducting strips removing heat from the central heating zone and taking it outward to the periphery where it is decapitated by convection. A loss of heat hence waste of fuel and counter objective to what is required.ie heat to reach the vessel/utensil not the atmosphere.
Remedy: coat these strips with an economical and sturdy refractory material like ceramic. The strips will become non conductive. Also will not be hot to the touch thereby saving those who inadvertently touch them from getting burnt. Also heat is not lost to surrounding ambient atmosphere keeping the kitchen cooler and the user more comfortable.
The next functional fault to be eliminated is the loss to the surroundings of heat by the way of peripheral radiation from the gaps between the spokes surrounding the hob. An almost 360 degree periphery of exposed area. This radiant loss which can be easily sensed by placing ones hands palms exposed at a distance from the stove on either side. The radiant radiation like light rays propagate in rays and are a significant component of the heat loss to surroundings.
Remedy: A simple reflective surrounding metal screen. Curved so as to act like a concave lens reflecting the peripheral radiant rays back to the utensil, thereby not only saving fuel by recovering the radiant heat loss, but again keeping the surroundings cooler and more comfortable as radiant heat is a significant source of discomfort to those nearby. The polished metal screen surrounding the hob and utensil is not only attractive but also keeps surrounding colder air from reaching the utensil and also guards against the gas flame from fluttering due to surrounding draughts from windows or open doors or fans etc.
The third functional anomaly to be rectified is the use of surrounding air to supply the amount of oxygen for combustion of the flame. As is fundamental with combustion technology and evident in practice wherever fuels are to be combusted in significant amounts, the air or oxygen supply for combustion is to be delivered to the combustion point for mixing in metered amounts related to the amount of fuel being burnt. Simplest example when lpg is used for cutting torches in fabrication shops and the lpg cylinder hose inputs to a regulator, an oxygen cylinder hose also is attached to the regulator and both lpg and oxygen mix before being combusted in the torch tip. In the case of the LPG domestic stove no separate cylinder for oxygen or air is required. Merely incorporating a self adjusting intake valve at the regulator where the hose pipe from the lpg cylinder meets the stove, will result in correct amounts of air being drawn by the stove and the combustion will take place with much less fuel usage. This is because using ambient air results in vastly excess amount of air reaching the flame which causes loss to ambient air, excess fuel consumption and ambient area heating up hence discomfort to user.
So by the simple 3 measures outlined above the user is greatly benefitted by saving fuel, time and increased personal comfort.
1)City street Lighting load is a very significant part of the total power load of a cit.Bombay Muncipal Corporation spends 100 crore a year on street lighting alone.All street lights in a given city are of a standard rating as to consumption (in watts) and output (in terms of luminosity).
However.diiferent streets, areas need different lighting. For e.g. busy Commercial Street is usually at night so loaded with traffic, and shop lighting and hoarding lights and the reflected light from all the glass facades etc that the street lighting only adds to the glare.
Similarly on different nights and different seasons, full lighting is not needed.eg on a full moon summer night with clear skies, why have full power lighting?Or even half moon,three quarters moon and crescent moon nights.
I can demonstrate a chip. Embeddable on each light. That senses the actual amount of light needed on different nights, different times, different streets, etc and adjusts the consumption of each individual light accordingly.
The sensor senses location specific data.ike back ground lighting from other sources, (cancelling out that from other street lights), moonlight, and etc etc.it is based on the photometer used by studio camera professionals and some pretty smart software. It is cheap in mass production.
The savings can be quickly estimated by checking the savings such light saving stratagems such as "day light saving" time adjustment results in the UK.
2) Gas Saving Device For The domestic LPG stove: The most ubiquitous household appliance found in more than 300 million households all over the country and growing in number has several design faults that affect its optimum or even minimum acceptable level of functioning and the application of Job's Design approaches can rectify these. Let us first look at function as the prime objective. The stove is meant to provide heat for cooking food by combusting lpg.(liquefied petroleum gas).The user experience of this stove is greatly enhanced if the user:
a) Has to change the LPG cylinder less often. That is the fuel should last significantly longer.
b) Has to spend less time cooking while achieving the same results so that the pleasure is more than the drudgery. Also b) implies a) i.e. the quicker the food is cooked the more the gas will be saved.
c) Is less exposed to heat and smoke. Again an enhancement of the user experience.
Let us now apply the principle of cutting down clutter and complexity by eliminating what is unnecessary. The first of these design faults to be eliminated is the metallic elements radiating outward from the burner hob on which the utensils are placed. The purpose of these strips is to merely support the cooking utensil. However by making them metal they act as conducting strips removing heat from the central heating zone and taking it outward to the periphery where it is decapitated by convection. A loss of heat hence waste of fuel and counter objective to what is required.ie heat to reach the vessel/utensil not the atmosphere.
Remedy: coat these strips with an economical and sturdy refractory material like ceramic. The strips will become non conductive. Also will not be hot to the touch thereby saving those who inadvertently touch them from getting burnt. Also heat is not lost to surrounding ambient atmosphere keeping the kitchen cooler and the user more comfortable.
The next functional fault to be eliminated is the loss to the surroundings of heat by the way of peripheral radiation from the gaps between the spokes surrounding the hob. An almost 360 degree periphery of exposed area. This radiant loss which can be easily sensed by placing ones hands palms exposed at a distance from the stove on either side. The radiant radiation like light rays propagate in rays and are a significant component of the heat loss to surroundings.
Remedy: A simple reflective surrounding metal screen. Curved so as to act like a concave lens reflecting the peripheral radiant rays back to the utensil, thereby not only saving fuel by recovering the radiant heat loss, but again keeping the surroundings cooler and more comfortable as radiant heat is a significant source of discomfort to those nearby. The polished metal screen surrounding the hob and utensil is not only attractive but also keeps surrounding colder air from reaching the utensil and also guards against the gas flame from fluttering due to surrounding draughts from windows or open doors or fans etc.
The third functional anomaly to be rectified is the use of surrounding air to supply the amount of oxygen for combustion of the flame. As is fundamental with combustion technology and evident in practice wherever fuels are to be combusted in significant amounts, the air or oxygen supply for combustion is to be delivered to the combustion point for mixing in metered amounts related to the amount of fuel being burnt. Simplest example when lpg is used for cutting torches in fabrication shops and the lpg cylinder hose inputs to a regulator, an oxygen cylinder hose also is attached to the regulator and both lpg and oxygen mix before being combusted in the torch tip. In the case of the LPG domestic stove no separate cylinder for oxygen or air is required. Merely incorporating a self adjusting intake valve at the regulator where the hose pipe from the lpg cylinder meets the stove, will result in correct amounts of air being drawn by the stove and the combustion will take place with much less fuel usage. This is because using ambient air results in vastly excess amount of air reaching the flame which causes loss to ambient air, excess fuel consumption and ambient area heating up hence discomfort to user.
So by the simple 3 measures outlined above the user is greatly benefitted by saving fuel, time and increased personal comfort.
attached are the precis of two ready to go innovations developed by me,offered for taking up for societal benefit free.One is a LPG saving device.The other saves street lighting costs.:
1)City street Lighting load is a very significant part of the total power load of a cit.Bombay Muncipal Corporation spends 100 crore a year on street lighting alone.All street lights in a given city are of a standard rating as to consumption (in watts) and output (in terms of luminosity).
However.diiferent streets, areas need different lighting. For e.g. busy Commercial Street is usually at night so loaded with traffic, and shop lighting and hoarding lights and the reflected light from all the glass facades etc that the street lighting only adds to the glare.
Similarly on different nights and different seasons, full lighting is not needed.eg on a full moon summer night with clear skies, why have full power lighting?Or even half moon,three quarters moon and crescent moon nights.
I can demonstrate a chip. Embeddable on each light. That senses the actual amount of light needed on different nights, different times, different streets, etc and adjusts the consumption of each individual light accordingly.
The sensor senses location specific data.ike back ground lighting from other sources, (cancelling out that from other street lights), moonlight, and etc etc.it is based on the photometer used by studio camera professionals and some pretty smart software. It is cheap in mass production.
The savings can be quickly estimated by checking the savings such light saving stratagems such as "day light saving" time adjustment results in the UK.
2) Gas Saving Device For The domestic LPG stove: The most ubiquitous household appliance found in more than 300 million households all over the country and growing in number has several design faults that affect its optimum or even minimum acceptable level of functioning and the application of Job's Design approaches can rectify these. Let us first look at function as the prime objective. The stove is meant to provide heat for cooking food by combusting lpg.(liquefied petroleum gas).The user experience of this stove is greatly enhanced if the user:
a) Has to change the LPG cylinder less often. That is the fuel should last significantly longer.
b) Has to spend less time cooking while achieving the same results so that the pleasure is more than the drudgery. Also b) implies a) i.e. the quicker the food is cooked the more the gas will be saved.
c) Is less exposed to heat and smoke. Again an enhancement of the user experience.
Let us now apply the principle of cutting down clutter and complexity by eliminating what is unnecessary. The first of these design faults to be eliminated is the metallic elements radiating outward from the burner hob on which the utensils are placed. The purpose of these strips is to merely support the cooking utensil. However by making them metal they act as conducting strips removing heat from the central heating zone and taking it outward to the periphery where it is decapitated by convection. A loss of heat hence waste of fuel and counter objective to what is required.ie heat to reach the vessel/utensil not the atmosphere.
Remedy: coat these strips with an economical and sturdy refractory material like ceramic. The strips will become non conductive. Also will not be hot to the touch thereby saving those who inadvertently touch them from getting burnt. Also heat is not lost to surrounding ambient atmosphere keeping the kitchen cooler and the user more comfortable.
The next functional fault to be eliminated is the loss to the surroundings of heat by the way of peripheral radiation from the gaps between the spokes surrounding the hob. An almost 360 degree periphery of exposed area. This radiant loss which can be easily sensed by placing ones hands palms exposed at a distance from the stove on either side. The radiant radiation like light rays propagate in rays and are a significant component of the heat loss to surroundings.
Remedy: A simple reflective surrounding metal screen. Curved so as to act like a concave lens reflecting the peripheral radiant rays back to the utensil, thereby not only saving fuel by recovering the radiant heat loss, but again keeping the surroundings cooler and more comfortable as radiant heat is a significant source of discomfort to those nearby. The polished metal screen surrounding the hob and utensil is not only attractive but also keeps surrounding colder air from reaching the utensil and also guards against the gas flame from fluttering due to surrounding draughts from windows or open doors or fans etc.
The third functional anomaly to be rectified is the use of surrounding air to supply the amount of oxygen for combustion of the flame. As is fundamental with combustion technology and evident in practice wherever fuels are to be combusted in significant amounts, the air or oxygen supply for combustion is to be delivered to the combustion point for mixing in metered amounts related to the amount of fuel being burnt. Simplest example when lpg is used for cutting torches in fabrication shops and the lpg cylinder hose inputs to a regulator, an oxygen cylinder hose also is attached to the regulator and both lpg and oxygen mix before being combusted in the torch tip. In the case of the LPG domestic stove no separate cylinder for oxygen or air is required. Merely incorporating a self adjusting intake valve at the regulator where the hose pipe from the lpg cylinder meets the stove, will result in correct amounts of air being drawn by the stove and the combustion will take place with much less fuel usage. This is because using ambient air results in vastly excess amount of air reaching the flame which causes loss to ambient air, excess fuel consumption and ambient area heating up hence discomfort to user.
So by the simple 3 measures outlined above the user is greatly benefitted by saving fuel, time and increased personal comfort.
1)City street Lighting load is a very significant part of the total power load of a cit.Bombay Muncipal Corporation spends 100 crore a year on street lighting alone.All street lights in a given city are of a standard rating as to consumption (in watts) and output (in terms of luminosity).
However.diiferent streets, areas need different lighting. For e.g. busy Commercial Street is usually at night so loaded with traffic, and shop lighting and hoarding lights and the reflected light from all the glass facades etc that the street lighting only adds to the glare.
Similarly on different nights and different seasons, full lighting is not needed.eg on a full moon summer night with clear skies, why have full power lighting?Or even half moon,three quarters moon and crescent moon nights.
I can demonstrate a chip. Embeddable on each light. That senses the actual amount of light needed on different nights, different times, different streets, etc and adjusts the consumption of each individual light accordingly.
The sensor senses location specific data.ike back ground lighting from other sources, (cancelling out that from other street lights), moonlight, and etc etc.it is based on the photometer used by studio camera professionals and some pretty smart software. It is cheap in mass production.
The savings can be quickly estimated by checking the savings such light saving stratagems such as "day light saving" time adjustment results in the UK.
2) Gas Saving Device For The domestic LPG stove: The most ubiquitous household appliance found in more than 300 million households all over the country and growing in number has several design faults that affect its optimum or even minimum acceptable level of functioning and the application of Job's Design approaches can rectify these. Let us first look at function as the prime objective. The stove is meant to provide heat for cooking food by combusting lpg.(liquefied petroleum gas).The user experience of this stove is greatly enhanced if the user:
a) Has to change the LPG cylinder less often. That is the fuel should last significantly longer.
b) Has to spend less time cooking while achieving the same results so that the pleasure is more than the drudgery. Also b) implies a) i.e. the quicker the food is cooked the more the gas will be saved.
c) Is less exposed to heat and smoke. Again an enhancement of the user experience.
Let us now apply the principle of cutting down clutter and complexity by eliminating what is unnecessary. The first of these design faults to be eliminated is the metallic elements radiating outward from the burner hob on which the utensils are placed. The purpose of these strips is to merely support the cooking utensil. However by making them metal they act as conducting strips removing heat from the central heating zone and taking it outward to the periphery where it is decapitated by convection. A loss of heat hence waste of fuel and counter objective to what is required.ie heat to reach the vessel/utensil not the atmosphere.
Remedy: coat these strips with an economical and sturdy refractory material like ceramic. The strips will become non conductive. Also will not be hot to the touch thereby saving those who inadvertently touch them from getting burnt. Also heat is not lost to surrounding ambient atmosphere keeping the kitchen cooler and the user more comfortable.
The next functional fault to be eliminated is the loss to the surroundings of heat by the way of peripheral radiation from the gaps between the spokes surrounding the hob. An almost 360 degree periphery of exposed area. This radiant loss which can be easily sensed by placing ones hands palms exposed at a distance from the stove on either side. The radiant radiation like light rays propagate in rays and are a significant component of the heat loss to surroundings.
Remedy: A simple reflective surrounding metal screen. Curved so as to act like a concave lens reflecting the peripheral radiant rays back to the utensil, thereby not only saving fuel by recovering the radiant heat loss, but again keeping the surroundings cooler and more comfortable as radiant heat is a significant source of discomfort to those nearby. The polished metal screen surrounding the hob and utensil is not only attractive but also keeps surrounding colder air from reaching the utensil and also guards against the gas flame from fluttering due to surrounding draughts from windows or open doors or fans etc.
The third functional anomaly to be rectified is the use of surrounding air to supply the amount of oxygen for combustion of the flame. As is fundamental with combustion technology and evident in practice wherever fuels are to be combusted in significant amounts, the air or oxygen supply for combustion is to be delivered to the combustion point for mixing in metered amounts related to the amount of fuel being burnt. Simplest example when lpg is used for cutting torches in fabrication shops and the lpg cylinder hose inputs to a regulator, an oxygen cylinder hose also is attached to the regulator and both lpg and oxygen mix before being combusted in the torch tip. In the case of the LPG domestic stove no separate cylinder for oxygen or air is required. Merely incorporating a self adjusting intake valve at the regulator where the hose pipe from the lpg cylinder meets the stove, will result in correct amounts of air being drawn by the stove and the combustion will take place with much less fuel usage. This is because using ambient air results in vastly excess amount of air reaching the flame which causes loss to ambient air, excess fuel consumption and ambient area heating up hence discomfort to user.
So by the simple 3 measures outlined above the user is greatly benefitted by saving fuel, time and increased personal comfort.
Replies
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Ramani AswathWe did some work on stoves.
Indian Standards certification requires that the stove should have a gross effeiciency of about 66% in prescribed tests, which does not give much room for improvement. The typical blue flame does not radiate. A reflector does not help much in such cases.. The flame has to remain attached to the burner. For example, in a welding torch the flame will be seen away from the burner tip if the gas velocity is high. For the flame in a domestic burner to remain attached, a minimum amount of quenching is needed. However, the massive Brass/bronze burners may be quenching the flame too much leading to heat loss. Incidentally, much of the radiant heat one feels is from the hot burner and burner seat, which tend to become dark in use and tend to radiate more.
A shroud around will contain the hot flue gas and may help. We did start on this. However it petered out.
A lot of effort went into ceramic burners. Results were inconclusive. Fragility and cost added to the negative aspects. I have been working on a ceramic mat area burner concept rather than the conventional perforated burners. The low thermal mass and conductivity should help. The volume burning flame tends to heat the mat to incandescence and shifting the heat transfer mode to predominantly radiant. The downside (at least in India) is that the housewife (and the spouse too) tends to put things on flame and go into the living room to watch sitcoms.This ends up in boiling over of liquids that clog a mat. It is very difficult to clean also. We are trying other options to minimise the quench loss. Ceramic coated pan supports were tried. Indifferent results. The intense thermal cycling leads to spalling of the coating.
The work is ongoing in the back room. -
ingenuierbioramaniWe did some work on stoves.
Indian Standards certification requires that the stove should have a gross effeiciency of about 66% in prescribed tests, which does not give much room for improvement. The typical blue flame does not radiate. A reflector does not help much in such cases.. The flame has to remain attached to the burner. For example, in a welding torch the flame will be seen away from the burner tip if the gas velocity is high. For the flame in a domestic burner to remain attached, a minimum amount of quenching is needed. However, the massive Brass/bronze burners may be quenching the flame too much leading to heat loss. Incidentally, much of the radiant heat one feels is from the hot burner and burner seat, which tend to become dark in use and tend to radiate more.
A shroud around will contain the hot flue gas and may help. We did start on this. However it petered out.
A lot of effort went into ceramic burners. Results were inconclusive. Fragility and cost added to the negative aspects. I have been working on a ceramic mat area burner concept rather than the conventional perforated burners. The low thermal mass and conductivity should help. The volume burning flame tends to heat the mat to incandescence and shifting the heat transfer mode to predominantly radiant. The downside (at least in India) is that the housewife (and the spouse too) tends to put things on flame and go into the living room to watch sitcoms.This ends up in boiling over of liquids that clog a mat. It is very difficult to clean also. We are trying other options to minimise the quench loss. Ceramic coated pan supports were tried. Indifferent results. The intense thermal cycling leads to spalling of the coating.
The work is ongoing in the back room.
Sir,bioramaniWe did some work on stoves.
Indian Standards certification requires that the stove should have a gross effeiciency of about 66% in prescribed tests, which does not give much room for improvement. The typical blue flame does not radiate. A reflector does not help much in such cases.. The flame has to remain attached to the burner. For example, in a welding torch the flame will be seen away from the burner tip if the gas velocity is high. For the flame in a domestic burner to remain attached, a minimum amount of quenching is needed. However, the massive Brass/bronze burners may be quenching the flame too much leading to heat loss. Incidentally, much of the radiant heat one feels is from the hot burner and burner seat, which tend to become dark in use and tend to radiate more.
A shroud around will contain the hot flue gas and may help. We did start on this. However it petered out.
A lot of effort went into ceramic burners. Results were inconclusive. Fragility and cost added to the negative aspects. I have been working on a ceramic mat area burner concept rather than the conventional perforated burners. The low thermal mass and conductivity should help. The volume burning flame tends to heat the mat to incandescence and shifting the heat transfer mode to predominantly radiant. The downside (at least in India) is that the housewife (and the spouse too) tends to put things on flame and go into the living room to watch sitcoms.This ends up in boiling over of liquids that clog a mat. It is very difficult to clean also. We are trying other options to minimise the quench loss. Ceramic coated pan supports were tried. Indifferent results. The intense thermal cycling leads to spalling of the coating.
The work is ongoing in the back room.
thank you for your cogent and valid comments.would in your opinion the controlling of combustion air help?it certainly does in all other combustion devices. -
Ramani AswathIf you are looking at India, the following may have to be considered.
The burners available have a gross ouput of about 1500 kcal/hr for the small burner and 2000 kcal/hr for the medium. Recently I found that a so called large burner with 2500 kcal/hr is also on the market. The trouble is that most users are not tech savvy. Rarely is the combustion optimised. The sim knob is often ignored. Small diameter tallish vesels are used, which significantly increases the peripheral loss that you pointed out.
The other problem is that families are becoming nuclear. Big vessels are less in use when cooking for two (or even the single person) household.
In the upper middle class households, a help usually does the cooking. This person does not have the knowhow to operate the appliance optimally.
I feel that there is a case for a compact burner with a 1000 kcal/hr output. If your ideas of (reinforced) ceramic pan supports, low quench burner and a base shroud (white ceramic enamelled?) can be incorporated there could be good saving of fuel.
I do not think that a user adjusted combustion air control, which though efficient, will be used much. It may be better to design for optimum performance at the 2/3rd point. -
ingenuierbioramaniIf you are looking at India, the following may have to be considered.
The burners available have a gross ouput of about 1500 kcal/hr for the small burner and 2000 kcal/hr for the medium. Recently I found that a so called large burner with 2500 kcal/hr is also on the market. The trouble is that most users are not tech savvy. Rarely is the combustion optimised. The sim knob is often ignored. Small diameter tallish vesels are used, which significantly increases the peripheral loss that you pointed out.
The other problem is that families are becoming nuclear. Big vessels are less in use when cooking for two (or even the single person) household.
In the upper middle class households, a help usually does the cooking. This person does not have the knowhow to operate the appliance optimally.
I feel that there is a case for a compact burner with a 1000 kcal/hr output. If your ideas of (reinforced) ceramic pan supports, low quench burner and a base shroud (white ceramic enamelled?) can be incorporated there could be good saving of fuel.
I do not think that a user adjusted combustion air control, which though efficient, will be used much. It may be better to design for optimum performance at the 2/3rd point. -
ingenuierThank you,Sir will proceed along the lines you have indicated and test the prototype/s.will keep all updated with the results.Several Defence Service officers responsible for logistics were hoping for an improved lpg stove to reduce gas consumption and hence the trips to replenish stock in the forward bases.hope something works out for the nation's benefit.
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Ramani Aswath
I am all for it. Any development on my side will be put up. I hear that there is a process for injection moulding ceramic industrial components. I think that the process uses a polymer ceramic composite for injection. After moulding the parts have the polymer removed and later fired.ingenuierSeveral Defence Service officers responsible for logistics were hoping for an improved lpg stove to reduce gas consumption and hence the trips to replenish stock in the forward bases.hope something works out for the nation's benefit.
This seems ideal for producing the burner part of the stove. If a one : one part can be produced minimal development time will be needed.
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