Learn how to control hydraulic motion systems by adjusting second derivative gain

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Some hydraulic systems, on the other hand, must deal with the effects of the compressibility of the hydraulic fluid medium, which can be modeled as a mass between two springs, where the piston and the load are the mass and the oil on either side of the piston is the springs. With such systems, simple P only, PI or PID controls often exhibit performance limitations due to the natural frequency and damping factor of the hydraulic/mechanical design. For such systems, called “second-order systems,” algorithms that employ second derivative gains are often needed.
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Tips for Smooth, Precise Hydraulic Motion Control