How to convert dc to ac sine wave for high power values. What is the circuit used in inverters?

Basic inverter circuits are used only that high power devices are used instead of standard MOS anf BJT transistors

Especially the PWM are taken special attention for low power dissipation

Usually MOSFETs and SCRs are the static switches used in the inverter curcuits along with a control circuit to trigger these. Power BJT is also a semiconductor device used as switch in inverters. The selction depends on the maximum power rating. There are different types of inverter circuits like single phase, three phase, fully controlled, half controlled and so on.

Basically all inverter circuits will have a control circuit, semiconductor switches and a transformer. The control circuit generates pulses to control the Turn ON and Turn OFF or just Turn ON of the semi conductor switches. The DC to AC conversion happens by directing the current flow in the relevant direction by the semiconductor switches (Power BJT, Thyristor or MOSFET). The output is an AC which is then Stepped Up to the required voltage by a transformer.

Power BJT rather said as IGBT is common for very high frequency switching But common SMPS switches prefer MOS as it is cheap other designs are valid but pricy If the op voltage is real high then going for other devices is acceptable.

But for simpler ckts MOS and SCR is sufficient