MIT Developed Solar Powered Device Uses Both Heat And Light To Generate Power Efficiently

A team of MIT Researchers have developed a novel way to tap the Sun's complete potential. Using both Sun light and heat, the efficiency of power generation through solar energy harvesting has been significantly improved. This has been accomplished by the use of sunlight to heat a high-temperature material whose infrared radiation would then be collected by a conventional photovoltaic cell. This technique could also make it easier to store the energy for later use, the researchers say. In this case, adding the extra step improves performance, because it makes it possible to take advantage of wavelengths of light that ordinarily go to waste. Therefore what we have here is the efficient use of both heat and light from the Sun to improve efficiency of solar power generation.

It has to be noted that a conventional silicon-based solar cell does not take advantage of all the photons. "That's because converting the energy of a photon into electricity requires that the photon's energy level match that of a characteristic of the photovoltaic (PV) material called a bandgap. Silicon's bandgap responds to many wavelengths of light, but misses many others," said Evelyn Wang, associate professor of mechanical engineering at MIT. Therefore, the team made the use of a two-layer absorber-emitter device developed out of carbon nanotubes and photonic crystals to be used between the sunlight and the PV cell. This intermediate material collects energy from a broad spectrum of sunlight, heating up in the process. When it heats up, as with a piece of iron that glows red hot, it emits light of a particular wavelength, which in this case is tuned to match the bandgap of the PV cell mounted nearby.

Screen Shot 2014-01-20 at 2.18.32 PM
A nanophotonic solar thermophotovoltaic device composed of an array of multi‑walled carbon nanotubes as the absorber, a one‑dimensional silicon/silicon dioxide photonic crystal as the emitter, and a 0.55 eV photovoltaic cell.

Here the design of the two-layer absorber-emitter material is key to this improvement. Its outer layer, facing the sunlight, is an array of multiwalled carbon nanotubes, which very efficiently absorbs the light's energy and turns it to heat. This layer is bonded tightly to a layer of a photonic crystal, which is precisely engineered so that when it is heated by the attached layer of nanotubes, it "glows" with light whose peak intensity is mostly above the bandgap of the adjacent PV, ensuring that most of the energy collected by the absorber is then turned into electricity.

Such a system, the team says, combines the advantages of solar photovoltaic systems, which turn sunlight directly into electricity, and solar thermal systems, which can have an advantage for delayed use because heat can be more easily stored than electricity. The new solar thermophotovoltaic systems, they say, could provide efficiency because of their broadband absorption of sunlight; scalability and compactness, because they are based on existing chip-manufacturing technology; and ease of energy storage, because of their reliance on heat.

Check out a video where MITMechE shares the process of tapping the Sun's full potential -


What are your thoughts on the new solar powered device? Share with us in comments below.

Source: #-Link-Snipped-#​

Replies

  • Marissa Vaish
    Marissa Vaish
    What an interesting approach to improve efficiency! Could there be a benefit to the performance of the TPV compared to standard PV in high-ambient-temperature environments? Increasing global temperatures are expected to negatively impact PV system performance (as experienced with PV systems in high temperature regions, and noted in DOE's "U.S. Energy Sector Vulnerabilities to Climate Change and Extreme Weather"). If this technology could actually generate more energy in higher temperatures, that could revolutionize the industry and its applicability to impact/mitigate the effects of climate change on our electrical systems.

    Or, is the limitation of the technology still in the silicon cell, and the performance of it still most effective at lower temperatures?
  • dineshece4u
    dineshece4u
    This is a great and significant improvement in optimizing the full potential of sun. But what is this is used in real time projects ?
  • Ankita Katdare
    Ankita Katdare
    I believe this technology has the potential to revolutionize the solar energy production industry. There most certainly must be certain limitations for it to come in the mainstream.
    #-Link-Snipped-# What are your thoughts on this? Can we harness the solar power more effectively if both heat and light are taken into consideration?
  • Ramani Aswath
    Ramani Aswath
    One definition of technology is 'That which works', technically and commercially. The concept of generating energy from a wide spectrum of solar radiation is very good. Can it be economical? Will it reach the current cost of grid power? The existing solar cells (multilayer) are slated to match conventional power quite soon. THis new multiwave collector looks complex and expensive. However, technology most often rises to meet challenges. New technology can reduce the cost of this also.
    Work should go on with vigour.

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